The basic procedure known as open flap curettage involves the following:

• The periodontal surgeon lifts, or flaps, the gums away from the tooth and surrounding bone.
• The diseased root surfaces are cleaned and polished to remove bacterial deposits.
• Gum tissue is replaced into position to minimize pocket depth.
• The periodontist may also contour the remaining bone (osseous surgery or attempt to regenerate lost bone and gingival attachment through guided tissue regeneration. (guided periodontal regeneration)

Note: This procedure can be accomplished in some cases with a laser eliminating the need to cut and elevate the gum.